{"id":7292,"date":"2017-11-01T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-01T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/le-corbusier-architekt-samouk-ktery-zmenil-svet\/"},"modified":"2017-11-01T11:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-11-01T10:00:00","slug":"le-corbusier-architekt-samouk-ktery-zmenil-svet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/le-corbusier-architekt-samouk-ktery-zmenil-svet\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Corbusier \u2013 architekt samouk, kter\u00fd zm\u011bnil sv\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"

Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret, zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pod pseudonymem Le Corbusier<\/strong>, se proslavil jako architekt, urbanista, mal\u00ed\u0159 a vizion\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd m\u011bl rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na vznik a v\u00fdvoj modernistick\u00e9 architektury. 6. \u0159\u00edjna uplynulo 130 let od narozen\u00ed<\/strong> tohoto architekta, kter\u00fd bez nads\u00e1zky zm\u011bnil podobu sv\u011bta, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eijeme. Proto ur\u010dit\u011b stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159ipomenout si jeho \u017eivot a d\u00edlo.<\/p>\n

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Samouk ze \u0160v\u00fdcarska<\/p>\n

Le Corbusier se narodil roku 1887 ve frankofonn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u0160v\u00fdcarska, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b ve m\u011bst\u011b La Chaux-de-Fonds<\/strong>. Toto m\u011bsto Karl Marx nazval \u201em\u011bstskou tov\u00e1rnou\u201c. D\u016fvodem je jeho neobvykle pravideln\u00e9 urbanistick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m se jako d\u00edt\u011b pohyboval, jist\u011b zanechalo stopy na Le Corbusierov\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed prostoru.<\/p>\n

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Dlouh\u00e9 rovn\u00e9 ulice a soum\u011brn\u00e9 bloky dom\u016f v La Chaux-de-Fonds.<\/p>\n

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Ve sv\u00e9m rodn\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b tak\u00e9 nastoupil na um\u011bleckou \u0161kolu, kde se u\u010dil rytectv\u00ed. Jeho z\u00e1jem v\u0161ak dalece p\u0159esahoval hranice t\u00e9to discipl\u00edny, a tak se postupn\u011b dostal i k architektu\u0159e. Sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed d\u016fm navrhnul a postavil, kdy\u017e mu bylo pouh\u00fdch 17 let<\/strong>. A to bez jak\u00e9hokoliv form\u00e1ln\u00edho architektonick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Le Corbusier<\/strong> byl toti\u017e cel\u00fd \u017eivot samoukem<\/strong>, kter\u00e9ho poh\u00e1n\u011bla jeho zv\u011bdavost. Na tuto skute\u010dnost byl n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b hrd\u00fd, a d\u00edky n\u00ed byl tak\u00e9 schopen p\u0159ich\u00e1zet s neortodoxn\u00edmi a inven\u010dn\u00edmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

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Boj za novou architekturu<\/p>\n

V p\u0159edve\u010der prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Le Corbusier procestoval zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st Evropy<\/strong> a pracoval v ateli\u00e9rech slavn\u00fdch modern\u00edch architekt\u016f, jako byli brat\u0159i Perretovi nebo Peter Behrens. Na cest\u00e1ch po\u0159\u00eddil nep\u0159ebern\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed <\/strong>skic dokumentuj\u00edc\u00edch evropskou architekturu a p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci v ateli\u00e9rech se setkal s tehdy novou technologi\u00ed \u2013 \u017eelezobetonovou konstrukc\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V roce 1917 natrvalo p\u0159es\u00eddlil do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, kde tak\u00e9 o t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji p\u0159ijal pseudonym Le Corbusier<\/strong>. Meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed p\u0159edstavovalo vrchol jeho tvorby<\/strong> \u2013 v roce 1923 shrnul svoje my\u0161lenky a n\u00e1zory ohledn\u011b architektury v pr\u00e1ci \u201eZa novou architekturu\u201c. V souladu s duchem tehdej\u0161\u00ed doby v n\u00ed prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201ed\u016fm je stroj na bydlen\u00ed\u201c<\/strong>. P\u0159esto, na rozd\u00edl od \u0159ady sv\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00edk\u016f, ch\u00e1pal architekturu jako ryze um\u011bleck\u00fd obor. Jeho estetick\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy v\u0161ak pln\u011b odpov\u00eddaly modern\u00edmu duchu<\/strong>, a to a\u0165 u\u017e \u0161lo o strohost a jednoduchost tvar\u016f, funk\u010dnost a prostornost, nebo o pou\u017eit\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

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Obytn\u00fd komplex Unit\u00e9 d’habitation v Marseille byl v dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho vzniku (1947\u20131952) pr\u016fkopnick\u00fdm d\u00edlem.<\/p>\n

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Teorie uveden\u00e1 do praxe<\/p>\n

Le Corbusier se ve 20. a 30. letech<\/strong> pod\u00edlel na nep\u0159ebern\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed projekt\u016f, proto zmi\u0148me pouze ty nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Mezi ty jednozna\u010dn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed Villa Savoye<\/strong> na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, ve kter\u00e9 se mu poda\u0159ilo naplno uplatnit v\u0161echny svoje teoretick\u00e9 z\u00e1sady. D\u00e1le vily v d\u011blnick\u00e9 kolonii Weissenhof<\/strong> v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Stuttgartu nebo bytov\u00fd d\u016fm Immeuble Clart\u00e9<\/strong> v \u017denev\u011b. V\u0161echny zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 objekty jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Villa Savoye v sob\u011b zahrnuje v\u0161ech 5 pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f modern\u00ed architektury podle Corbusiera.<\/p>\n

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Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se pod\u00edlel na v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 podob\u011b s\u00eddla Spojen\u00fdch N\u00e1rod\u016f v New Yorku<\/strong> nebo na urbanistick\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> indick\u00e9ho m\u011bsta \u010cand\u00edgarh<\/strong>. Mimo to se tak\u00e9 za\u010dal v\u011bnovat sakr\u00e1ln\u00ed architektu\u0159e \u2013 p\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kaple Notre Dame du Haut<\/strong> ve francouzsk\u00e9m Ronchampu.<\/p>\n

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D\u011bdictv\u00ed nejen pro UNESCO<\/p>\n

Jeho styl se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vyv\u00edjel, nesl vlivy purismu, funkcionalismu i brutalismu, v\u017edy si v\u0161ak udr\u017eel osobit\u00fd r\u00e1z. Le Corbusier z\u016fstal \u010dinn\u00fd a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti v roce 1965<\/strong>. Ta jej zastihla n\u00e1hle p\u0159i pobytu na francouzsk\u00e9 Rivi\u00e9\u0159e \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou byl infarkt.<\/p>\n

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Takto vypad\u00e1 kaple Notre Dame du Haut ve francouzsk\u00e9m Ronchampu.<\/p>\n

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Mnoh\u00fdmi je Le Corbusier pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho architekta 20. stolet\u00ed, proto\u017ee prom\u011bnil cel\u00fd obor i teoretick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k n\u011bmu. Mimo jin\u00e9 to toti\u017e byly pr\u00e1v\u011b jeho urbanistick\u00e9 koncepce<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vedly ke vzniku panelov\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165<\/strong>. A t\u00edm pochopiteln\u011b ovlivnil i n\u00e1s a na\u0161i pr\u00e1ci. Neb\u00fdt Le Corbusiera, i na\u0161e modern\u00ed stavby<\/a> by jist\u011b vypadaly \u00fapln\u011b jinak.<\/p>\n

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Zdroje foto: Wikimedia.org, Pixabay.com, Staticflickr.com<\/p>\n

 <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Charles-\u00c9douard Jeanneret, zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pod pseudonymem Le Corbusier<\/strong>, se proslavil jako architekt, urbanista, mal\u00ed\u0159 a vizion\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd m\u011bl rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed vliv na vznik a v\u00fdvoj modernistick\u00e9 architektury. 6. \u0159\u00edjna uplynulo 130 let od narozen\u00ed<\/strong> tohoto architekta, kter\u00fd bez nads\u00e1zky zm\u011bnil podobu sv\u011bta, ve kter\u00e9m \u017eijeme. Proto ur\u010dit\u011b stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159ipomenout si jeho \u017eivot a d\u00edlo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7292"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7292\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}