{"id":7298,"date":"2017-09-11T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-09-11T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/renesancni-architektura-z-italie-az-do-ceskych-zemi\/"},"modified":"2017-09-11T10:00:00","modified_gmt":"2017-09-11T08:00:00","slug":"renesancni-architektura-z-italie-az-do-ceskych-zemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/renesancni-architektura-z-italie-az-do-ceskych-zemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Renesan\u010dn\u00ed architektura \u2013 z It\u00e1lie a\u017e do \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Obdob\u00ed renesance v architektu\u0159e trvalo zhruba od za\u010d\u00e1tku 15. stolet\u00ed (kdy m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat prvn\u00ed renesan\u010dn\u00ed tendence na stavb\u00e1ch v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii) do po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed (za konec \u00e9ry renesance a humanismu se obecn\u011b pova\u017euje T\u0159icetilet\u00e1 v\u00e1lka). P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si, co v\u0161echno je pro tento architektonick\u00fd sloh typick\u00e9<\/strong> a kde na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed<\/strong> najdeme nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady renesan\u010dn\u00edch budov.<\/p>\n

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\u010cerstv\u00fd v\u00edtr p\u0159i\u0161el z It\u00e1lie<\/p>\n

Z hodin d\u011bjepisu si ur\u010dit\u011b pamatujete, \u017ee v\u00fdznam slova renesance (z italsk\u00e9ho rinascimento) je \u201eobrozen\u00ed\u201c<\/strong>, v tomto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pak obrozen\u00ed antick\u00fdch ide\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>. V architektu\u0159e se to projevovalo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm rozm\u00e1chl\u00e9 a zdobn\u00e9 gotick\u00e9 estetiky a n\u00e1vratem k soum\u011brnosti, pravidelnosti a strohosti budov star\u00e9ho \u0158ecka a \u0158\u00edma. <\/p>\n

Za zm\u00ednku jist\u011b stoj\u00ed i to, \u017ee gotika se v italsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed nikdy naplno neprosadila a antick\u00fd odkaz<\/strong> \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 architektury zde v ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e p\u016fsobil po celou dobu st\u0159edov\u011bku. Byli to tak\u00e9 ital\u0161t\u00ed u\u010denci a humanist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s ozna\u010den\u00edm gotika (podle germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch G\u00f3t\u016f) pro v jejich o\u010d\u00edch primitivn\u00ed a n\u00edzk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed barbar\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

Florencie je \u017eiv\u00fdm muzeem renesan\u010dn\u00ed architektury.<\/p>\n

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Kol\u00e9bkou renesan\u010dn\u00ed architektury <\/strong>je jednozna\u010dn\u011b tosk\u00e1nsk\u00e1 Florencie<\/strong>, ve kter\u00e9 Filippo Brunelleschi odstartoval renesan\u010dn\u00ed \u00e9ru stavbou kupole d\u00f3mu Santa Maria del Fiore. <\/strong>Nov\u00fd sloh se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il i do zbytku tehdy prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed severn\u00ed It\u00e1lie. Za dal\u0161\u00ed typick\u00e9 uk\u00e1zky renesan\u010dn\u00edho stavitelstv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed bazilika sv. Petra a Pavla v \u0158\u00edm\u011b<\/strong> (na jej\u00ed\u017e stavb\u011b se pod\u00edlela takov\u00e1 jm\u00e9na jako Michelangelo Buonarroti nebo Raffael Santi) nebo Palazzo Grimani v Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Bazilika sv. Petra a Pavla je typickou uk\u00e1zkou renesan\u010dn\u00ed architektury.<\/p>\n

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Pro renesanci byl tak\u00e9 typick\u00fd obrat k \u010dlov\u011bku<\/strong>. Posun v celkov\u00e9m pohledu na sv\u011bt se odrazil i v renesan\u010dn\u00ed architektu\u0159e \u2013 mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prostor byl v\u011bnov\u00e1n sv\u011btsk\u00fdm stavb\u00e1m<\/strong>, pal\u00e1c\u016fm<\/strong> a z\u00e1mk\u016fm<\/strong>. Do\u0161lo tak\u00e9 k n\u00e1vratu ke klasick\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na z antick\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f (rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sloup\u016f a p\u0159eklad\u016f). Dal\u0161\u00ed typick\u00e9 znaky renesan\u010dn\u00edch staveb jsou kupole<\/strong> nebo zdoben\u00ed fas\u00e1d technikou sgrafito<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Za renesan\u010dn\u00ed architekturou nemus\u00edme jezdit daleko<\/p>\n

Renesan\u010dn\u00ed sloh se z bohat\u00fdch severoitalsk\u00fdch m\u011bst dostal p\u0159es Alpy do zbytku Evropy <\/strong>a\u017e v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 16. stolet\u00ed<\/strong>. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b rostlo bohatstv\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, co\u017e nahr\u00e1valo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed renesance do \u0160pan\u011blska, Francie, Anglie i Nizozem\u00ed. \u00dazem\u00ed tehdej\u0161\u00ed Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 (v\u010detn\u011b \u010cesk\u00fdch zem\u00ed) bylo v t\u00e9to dob\u011b su\u017eov\u00e1no n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi konflikty, co\u017e \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho slohu zna\u010dn\u011b zpomalilo. P\u0159esto i na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed najdeme n\u011bkolik renesan\u010dn\u00edch pam\u00e1tek<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Ve v\u00fdchodo\u010desk\u00e9 Litomy\u0161li najdeme u\u010debnicovou uk\u00e1zku renesan\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1mku.<\/p>\n

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Typickou uk\u00e1zkou \u010desk\u00e9 renesance je z\u00e1mek v Litomy\u0161li<\/strong>, kter\u00fd je na seznamu Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. Z\u00e1mek byl postaven v letech 1568\u20131581 a na jeho v\u00fdstavb\u011b se pod\u00edleli ital\u0161t\u00ed mist\u0159i. T\u0159\u00edpatrov\u00e9 ark\u00e1dy hlavn\u00edho n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed i bohat\u00e1 sgrafitov\u00e1 v\u00fdzdoba vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed unik\u00e1tn\u00ed podobu z\u00e1mku.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady \u010desk\u00e9 renesance najdeme v Tel\u010di, v Praze (nap\u0159\u00edklad Letohr\u00e1dek Hv\u011bzda \u010di Schwarzenbersk\u00fd pal\u00e1c) nebo na z\u00e1mku \u017derot\u00edn\u016f ve Vala\u0161sk\u00e9m Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>, na jeho\u017e rekonstrukci jsme se pod\u00edleli.<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1mek \u017derot\u00edn\u016f ve Vala\u0161sk\u00e9m Mezi\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed se po rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 rekonstrukci stal centrem kulturn\u00edho \u017eivota ve m\u011bst\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jsme zrekonstruovali prostory, kter\u00e9 moment\u00e1ln\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed jako Muzejn\u00ed a galerijn\u00ed centrum<\/strong>. D\u00edky tomu na z\u00e1mku vznikl funk\u010dn\u00ed prostor pro po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstav, workshop\u016f, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek a dal\u0161\u00edch kulturn\u00edch i spole\u010densk\u00fdch akc\u00ed. P\u0159i rekonstrukci z\u00e1mku jsme dbali jak o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edho renesan\u010dn\u00edho r\u00e1zu budovy (kter\u00fd byl pozd\u011bji dopln\u011bn i o barokn\u00ed prvky), tak o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed hygienicky nez\u00e1vadn\u00e9ho a pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edho interi\u00e9ru. Nejednalo se o na\u0161i prvn\u00ed ani posledn\u00ed rekonstrukci historick\u00e9ho objektu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj foto: wikimedia.org, pixabay.com<\/p>\n

 <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Obdob\u00ed renesance v architektu\u0159e trvalo zhruba od za\u010d\u00e1tku 15. stolet\u00ed (kdy m\u016f\u017eeme pozorovat prvn\u00ed renesan\u010dn\u00ed tendence na stavb\u00e1ch v severn\u00ed It\u00e1lii) do po\u010d\u00e1tku 17. stolet\u00ed (za konec \u00e9ry renesance a humanismu se obecn\u011b pova\u017euje T\u0159icetilet\u00e1 v\u00e1lka). P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si, co v\u0161echno je pro tento architektonick\u00fd sloh typick\u00e9<\/strong> a kde na \u010desk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed<\/strong> najdeme nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady renesan\u010dn\u00edch budov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6876,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7298"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7298\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6876"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}