Energetickou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost budovy ovliv\u0148uje v\u00edce faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed koncep\u010dn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidlo je ale jasn\u00e9 \u2013 n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9 domy spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 kWh\/m<\/b>2<\/b> ro\u010dn\u011b. Vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed toti\u017e obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje a maj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed zabra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed \u00faniku tepla, a tedy i pen\u011bz. Co by tedy m\u011bl n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00fd d\u016fm spl\u0148ovat, aby t\u011bchto hodnot dos\u00e1hl?<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Orientace domu<\/b> je pro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alternativn\u00edch zdroj\u016f energie velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1. Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm na vhodn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b pozemku lze zefektivnit <\/span>z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed energie<\/b> a naopak <\/span>zabr\u00e1nit \u00fanik\u016fm tepla<\/b>. Nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm se jev\u00ed postaven\u00ed domu na ji\u017en\u00edm svahu, kde bude stavba chr\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159ed v\u011btrem ze severu a okna orientovan\u00e1 na jih budou p\u0159ij\u00edmat slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Na tuto stranu je tedy vhodn\u00e9 orientovat lo\u017enice a ob\u00fdvac\u00ed pokoj.<\/span><\/p>\n Vik\u00fd\u0159e, v\u00fdklenky, zapu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 okna a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti domu, <\/span>kter\u00e9 naru\u0161uj\u00ed kompaktn\u00ed tvar budovy<\/b>, jsou nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 \u00faspory. Obvodov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 by m\u011bl m\u00edt co nejmen\u0161\u00ed plochu, aby byl i \u00fanik tepla minimalizov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n Tepeln\u00e1 izolace<\/b><\/a><\/span> se postar\u00e1 o co nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u00fanik tepla a eliminuje tepeln\u00e9 mosty. Izolace by m\u011bla zajistit vzduchot\u011bsnost, je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba sou\u010dasn\u011b myslet na to, \u017ee ve vzduchot\u011bsn\u00e9m prostoru vznik\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro vznik pl\u00edsn\u00ed a je tedy nezbytn\u00e9 sou\u010dasn\u011b vy\u0159e\u0161it i syst\u00e9m v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed stavby lze \u00faniky tepla ov\u011b\u0159it infra\u010derven\u00fdm teplom\u011brem nebo termovizn\u00ed kamerou.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fdmi okny v zim\u011b je z hlediska \u00faspory energi\u00ed neefektivn\u00ed metodou. Finance u\u0161et\u0159\u00ed tzv. <\/span>rekuperace <\/b>neboli zp\u011btn\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tepla. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno jde o <\/span>v\u00fdm\u011bnu vzduchu v m\u00edstnosti <\/b>p\u0159es rekupera\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk, kter\u00fdm proch\u00e1z\u00ed dovnit\u0159 \u010derstv\u00fd vzduch a \u201epou\u017eit\u00fd\u201c je odv\u00e1d\u011bn ven z budovy. Tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u011btr\u00e1te, zabra\u0148ujete \u0161kodliv\u00fdm pl\u00edsn\u00edm a houb\u00e1m v mno\u017een\u00ed, chr\u00e1n\u00edte se p\u0159ed ne\u010distotami a pyly z venkovn\u00edho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u0161et\u0159\u00edte.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f asi napadne, \u017ee pro n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00fd d\u016fm neexistuje jin\u00e1 varianta ne\u017e plastov\u00e1 okna. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se jev\u00ed jako nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale materi\u00e1l nen\u00ed to nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, co byste m\u011bli u oken \u0159e\u0161it. St\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed je toti\u017e <\/span>sou\u010dinitel prostupnosti tepla <\/b>(U<\/span>w<\/span>), kter\u00fd mus\u00ed b\u00fdt <\/span>men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 0,8 W\/m<\/b>2<\/b>K<\/b>. Na tuto hodnotu m\u00e1 vliv jak pou\u017eit\u00e9 zasklen\u00ed, tak i funk\u010dnost r\u00e1mu a kvalita osazen\u00ed a ut\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed. Kvalitn\u00ed proveden\u00ed tedy hraje pro <\/span>\u00fasporu energi\u00ed<\/b> naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli. Dal\u0161\u00edm parametrem pro v\u00fdb\u011br oken do n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9ho domu je tzv. <\/span>propustnost slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/b> (g), kter\u00e1 se ud\u00e1v\u00e1 v procentech a m\u011bla by b\u00fdt <\/span>minim\u00e1ln\u011b 50 %<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n Ob\u00e1lku domu tvo\u0159\u00ed konstrukce vymezuj\u00edc\u00ed <\/span>vnit\u0159n\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed stavby<\/b>, tedy obvodov\u00e9 zdi, nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed podlaha, st\u0159echa, okna a dve\u0159e. V\u0161echny tyto jednotliv\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed prvky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt na sebe napojeny tak, aby <\/span>nevznikal \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prostor pro ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fanik tepla<\/b>, a spl\u0148ovat technick\u00e9 normy na prostup tepla a vzduchu i za nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/span><\/p>\n Dostatek<\/span> sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie<\/span><\/b><\/a> z\u00edskan\u00e9 z kolektor\u016f m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit pro <\/span>oh\u0159ev vody<\/b>,<\/span> vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed i v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny<\/b>, \u010d\u00edm\u017e uspo\u0159\u00edte velkou spoustu pen\u011bz. Zde je op\u011bt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00edch kolektor\u016f a tak\u00e9 jejich sklon. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je orientace na ji\u017en\u00ed stranu a sklon st\u0159echy, a tedy i kolektoru, <\/span>p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 35\u00b0<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n Syst\u00e9m regulace vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/b> v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed \u010derpat jen tolik tepla, kolik skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebujete. M\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad vypnout topen\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee do m\u00edstnosti pronik\u00e1 dostatek slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, \u0161et\u0159it energi\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti osob nebo zapnout topen\u00ed ve chv\u00edli, kdy zaznamen\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplotu, ne\u017e je v\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n Energeticky efektivn\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de<\/b> jsou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed snahy o \u00fasporu. I kdy\u017e maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u0159izovac\u00ed cenu, tyto n\u00e1klady se rychle vr\u00e1t\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b na \u00faspo\u0159e energi\u00ed. V \u0161etrn\u00e9 variant\u011b dnes se\u017eenete ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de, od mal\u00fdch kuchy\u0148sk\u00fdch, a\u017e po centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a vzduchotechniku.<\/span><\/p>\n Tento bod sice uv\u00e1d\u00edme jako posledn\u00ed, svou d\u016fle\u017eitost\u00ed by v\u0161ak mohl zast\u00e1vat prvn\u00ed m\u00edsto. Ani spln\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch bod\u016f se toti\u017e nemus\u00ed vyplatit, kdy\u017e budou \u0161patn\u011b navr\u017eeny a provedeny. Spousta firem v\u00e1m bude slibovat \u00fasporu a skv\u011blou investici do n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9ho domu, ale u\u017e ne v\u0161echny v\u00e1m nab\u00eddkou <\/span>opravdu koncep\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/b>. D\u00e1vejte tedy dobr\u00fd pozor p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru toho, kdo v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivot ovlivn\u00ed na des\u00edtky let dop\u0159edu.<\/span> Reference projek\u010dn\u00ed a stavebn\u00ed firmy<\/span><\/b><\/a> v\u00e1m mohou mnoh\u00e9 napov\u011bd\u011bt. A vy u\u017e te\u010f v\u00edte, na co si d\u00e1t pozor a co je pro skute\u010dn\u011b <\/span>n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9 domy<\/b> z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroj fotografi\u00ed: Depositphotos.com<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" N\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9 domy dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b u\u0161et\u0159it a\u017e desetitis\u00edce korun. Nesta\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ak jen zes\u00edlit izolaci a regulovat vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Pro opravdu efektivn\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na energie je t\u0159eba myslet i na dal\u0161\u00ed aspekty.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7054,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7471","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7471"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7471\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7054"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7471"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7471"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wachal.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7471"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}2. Tvar n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9ho domu<\/b><\/h2>\n
3. Izolace z\u00e1klad\u016f, p\u016fdy, st\u0159echy a st\u011bn<\/b><\/h2>\n
4. Syst\u00e9m v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/b><\/h2>\n
5. Okna pro n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9 domy<\/b><\/h2>\n
6. Tzv. ob\u00e1lka domu<\/b><\/h2>\n
7. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory<\/b><\/h2>\n
8. Regulace vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/b><\/h2>\n
9. \u00dasporn\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de<\/b><\/h2>\n
10. V\u00fdb\u011br spolehliv\u00e9 firmy se specializac\u00ed na n\u00edzkoenergetick\u00e9 domy<\/b><\/h2>\n